Finansal Açıdan ve
Etkinlik Açısından Yeşil Enerji Kaynakları
Artık evlerde kullanılan yani hane halkının
tüketiminde olan enerji bile bulunduğu yerde üretilebiliyor!
Sadece endüstriyel kullanım için değil apartmanların
çatılarına yerleştirilen ve içerisinde fotovoltaik piller olan güneş
panelleriyle bu mümkün!
Günümüzde enerji kaynaklarının enerji talebini
karşılayabilmesi dünya açısından hem bir sorun hem de etkinliğin ve maliyetle
beraber karlılığın doğru analizi sonucunda oluşacak katma değeri yüksek bir
pazar. Bununla beraber belli bir ömrü olan yani tükenebilir fosil kaynaklar
yerine yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları yani güneş, rüzgar gibi yeşil enerji
kaynaklarının kullanımı da her geçen gün hem ekonomik hem de çevresel
sebeplerden ötürü artmakta. Aşağıda orijinali İngilizce olan yazının amacı da,
yeşil enerji kaynakları hakkında bilgilendirme yapıp bu kaynakların kullanım
örneklerini finansal yönden incelemektir.
Green
Energy Elements – Green Finance
Today energy demand and supply are one of the most
important discussing points in the world. For a sustainable energy supply, in
other words the ability of future of energy supply, in order to meeting with
needs of energy renewable energy sources should be more common used. This article
aims to identify various green energy sources such as solar and wind energy and
biofuels, government support for this industry and main companies in this sector.
Renewable energy, after its generation, needs to be stored
in a medium for use with autonomous devices as well as vehicles (Source:
Wikipedia). Instead of carbon and petrol using, renewable energy sources are
important for not only environmental issues and but also future of the sector
so awareness of elements of green energy will provide more healthy, cheaper and
more effective energy in not only industrial way but also domestic way.
Green
Energy Elements
Geothermal Power: Geothermal
energy is a heat that is living earth’s crust. Waters that are outcrops
procures to be able to benefit from geothermal power in mostly heating
applications and electricity production.
Solar Energy: Solar energy
is based on technology of acquiring energy from sunlight. Since 1970 not only
costs of solar energy has started to decrease, but also technological
developments has started to increase and solar energy has been accepted as a
clean energy source.
In the past solar energy systems were using in order
to heat the water but now photovoltaic panels that have 15% performance of
solar energy are giving the chance of electricity producing.
Average sunbath time of Turkey is 2623 hours for a
year. So this number equals to 110 days sunbath time in total. Solar collectors
can produce nearly full capacity even in foggy and cloudy weather conditions
because ultraviolet radiations can pass the cloudy surfaces.
Most common solar energy applications are;
o Heating water,
o Electricity
production.
Wind Energy: Wind energy is
not only clean, abundant and renewable but also has exploit opportunity in all
over the World. Structure of wind towers consist of wind turbines that has very
big rotor in order to transmitting wind energy to electrical energy. These turbines
can be in the ground or inflight.
Hydrogen Energy: Hydrogen is a
clean energy source that can be produced from primary energy sources with
extricating hydrogen in water and natural gas. Nowadays some automotive
companies are using hybrid systems using both hydrogen & petrol. Hybrid
systems are decreasing released polluted air 30 – 40 percent comparing with
other systems.
Wave Power: Wave energy is
a kind of renewable energy that can practiced on waves on oceans and big seas.
Total potential wave energy is more than 2.5 terra watt (Tidal power’s energy).
Countries that have powerful winds on their coasts can use wave energy for
their energy needs’ 5 percent or more.
Tidal Power: Tidal energy
that practices upon tidal actions in seas is a renewable energy source. The
reversible movement of tidal turbines benefits from sea’s swell and descend and
works for producing electricity while using this sea level difference.
Green
Finance
Green energy sources provide to community eco-friendly
energy such as solar energy, wind energy, wave energy that can be applied to
mostly produce electricity, heat water. Comparing with other energy elements
setting up a green energy plant has also cost advantages. For example directly
related with construction sector, building a greenhouse that can produce energy
on its own, effects on general costs of construction between 2 and 8 percent of
increasing but at the same time it effects between 35 and 40 percent of
decreasing on energy costs (Source: Ekonomi, Milliyet).
Looking for general data of all green sources;
Ø
Wind energy plants; in 2008 maintenance and operation
costs was 30,900 Euro per MW. In 2011 it is 19,200 Euro (38% percent decreasing
on costs) (Source: www.yesilekonomi.com)
Ø
Solar energy capacity of Turkey is 380 billion kWh for
every year and with looking for the 2011 data of Turkey’s electricity
consumption is 229 billion kWh. Cost of setting up a solar energy plant that
has 1 MW power is decreased to 1.5 million dollars. Turkish government
purchases solar power from 13 cents according to Renewable Energy Law and gives
10 years purchasing guarantee.
Ø
Retrace interval of a solar energy plant that needs
4600 km2 is about 7 or 10 years.
Ø
According to German Clean Energy Report, global clean
energy market reached 2 trillion dollars and it will be 4.4 trillion dollars in
2025 in all over the World (Source: GreenTech made in Germany 3.0).
Main Photovoltaic Manufacturers in
the World
|
Company
|
Country
|
|
Suntech
|
China
|
|
JA Solar
|
China
|
|
First Solar
|
USA
|
|
Sungen Solar
|
China
|
|
Trina Solar
|
China
|
|
Motech Solar
|
China
|
|
Q-Cells
|
Germany
|
|
Gintech
|
China
|
|
Sharp
|
Japan
|
|
Canadian Solar
|
China
|
Main Wind Turbine Manufacturers in
the World
|
Company
|
Country
|
|
Vestas
|
Denmark
|
|
Sinovel
|
China
|
|
Goldwind
|
China
|
|
Gamesa
|
Spain
|
|
Enercon
|
Germany
|
|
GE Energy
|
USA
|
|
Suzlon Group
|
INDIA
|
|
Guodian United Power
|
China
|
|
Siemens Wind Power
|
Germany
|
|
Ming Yang
|
China
|
Conclusion
Today energy supply and energy consume is main
discussing point of all over the World even energy search activities are in
outside of the World to find more sources. At the same time effects of energy
consuming is also researched because of such results air pollution, carbon
diffusion and water pollution.
For finding not only renewable but also eco-friendly
energy sources green energy concept is getting more important for every passing
day. It’s related with mostly energy companies but at the same time all society
are affected by energy source choosing.
Solar energy and wind energy are the most common
examples of green energy concept that has 27 Billion Dollars at just 1st
quarter of 2012 (Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance). So not only ecological
way but also financial way there is sharply increase on Green Energy usage for
all over the World in order to provide not only competitive and cost-effective
but also eco-friendly energy to meet with the surplusage demand at every turn.
